Th!s paper analyzes the representat!on of Greek Orthodox populat!ons !n Ottoman
documents and chron!cles between €‚ and ‚ƒ. Contrary to arguments that
!dent!fy the r!se of m!nor!t!es !n late "th and early ƒ#th centur!es, I argue that the
roots of the phenomenon can be seen !n the Age of Revolut!ons. After the French
Revolut!on, the pass!ve expectat!on from non-Musl!m populat!ons to subm!t to
Ottoman author!ty (ra"yyet, "tâat) turn !nto the act!ve duty of f!del!ty (sadâkat). A
parallel development !n the mean!ng of m"llet, now understood both as rel!g!ous
commun!ty and nat!on, resulted !n the def!n!t!on of a core Musl!m populat!on
for the Emp!re and homogen!zed non-Musl!ms groups !n Ottoman d!scourse.
Keywords: M!llet, Greek Orthodox Ottomans, Phanar!ots, Ottoman chron"cles.