Retours sur l'image de Rome. Une introduction par Gilles Montègre
(pagine: 7-18)
DOI: 10.7376/84448
Abstract
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L'image de Rome dans la littérature de voyage française due XVII siècle par François Brizay
(pagine: 19-40)
DOI: 10.7376/84449
Abstract Keywords: 17th Century Rome, Guide books, Travels, Descriptions of
Rome. Rome in French Seventeenth Century Travel Literature
Between 1595 and 1713, some 31 travel and guide books by French travelers
were published containing descriptions of Rome. The authors of these
books were not scholars but educated men who visited the eternal city as
pilgrims, secretaries of high-ranking persons, or just visitors. According
to an Italian convention shaped by humanists they distinguished Ancient
Rome from Modern Rome, that is, the old pagan town from capital city
of Catholic Church. They devoted considerable space to Rome’s artistic
and architectural patrimony which they often described by giving lists
of measures and providing many illustrations of monuments, paintings
or statues. Very interested in arts and history they had also opportunities
to meet or observe real Romans, especially prostitutes and Jews. Some
Huguenot travelers were discretely ironical about religious relics but
whether Catholic or Protestant, the travelers shared a common culture
based upon the Latin and humanist tradition, which led them to express
admiration in their descriptions of Rome.
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189K |
«In questa bellissima patria de' Scipioni si sat sempre tememdno di morire di fame»: lettura critica del governo pontificio nelle lettere di A. Verri dal 1767 al 1816 di Pierre Musitelli
(pagine: 41-54)
DOI: 10.7376/84450
Abstract Keywords: 18th Century Rome, Papal States, Travel Literature, Alessandro
and Pietro Verri, Rome’s Finances.
“The Beautiful Land of the Scipios is in Constant Fear
of Hunger”: Criticism of Papal Government in the Letters of Alessandro
Verri from 1767 to 1816 This article draws on a conventional representation of )XVIIIth century
Rome – the poverty of the population, especially in the Agro Romano,
in contrast with the Cardinals’ courts. It looks at the scathing social and
economic chronicle found in Alessandro Verri’s correspondence (1741-
1816) with his brother Pietro (from 1767 to 1797) and his sister-in-law
Vincenza Melzi (from 1794 to 1816) in which he described the endemic
and structural problems of Rome’s finances and agriculture. Verri is best
known for abandoning the critical views he had expressed about Rome
and Roman history in the essays he wrote in Milan and during the first months of his stay in Rome before going on to praise the Rome of the
Arts and Letters, and to celebrate a vision of papal Rome besieged by the
French Revolution and the Empire (see Roman Nights). This article aims
at highlighting aspects of continuity in the intellectual career of one of
the foremost chroniclers of Roman history, from the Ancien Régime to
Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.
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131K |
Jouir de Rome. Voyage et plaisir au XIX siècle per Sylvain Venayre
(pagine: 55-66)
DOI: 10.7376/84451
Abstract Keywords: 19th Century Rome, Monuments and Artworks, Travels, Ancient
and Catholic Rome.
Enjoy Rome. Travels and Pleasure in the 19th Century
In the XIXth century, the images of Ancient Rome, Rome of the Renaissance
and Christian Rome were renewed by accounts of the extraordinary
variety of destinations travelers visited to study monuments and artworks,
as well as by a policy which, in France, could be readily summed up in
the polemical term of “ultramontanisme”. A visit to Rome became both a
desire for faith and the desire to enjoy the spectacle of the world, resulting
in a kind of tension that characterised modern leisure trips.
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119K |
La nazionalizzazione dell'idea di Roma. Un rompicapo per il patriottismo ottocentesco di Francesco Bartolini
(pagine: 67-82)
DOI: 10.7376/84452
Abstract Keywords: 19th Century Rome, Heritage of Antiquity, Nationalism, Modernity.
The Nationalization of the Idea of Rome. A Dilemma for Nineteenth Century Patriotism
This article examines how Italian nationalists tried to appropriate the idea
of Rome which had a universal dimension to it and represented a primacy
of the past over the present. These two aspects constituted formidable
obstacles to their ambition to transform Italy into a modern nation state.
Nineteenth century patriots sought to reshape the idea of Rome by adding
new dimensions in space and time linked to concepts of nation and
modernity. But this operation proved to be culturally fragile and fuelled
anti-Roman ideology which grew at the end of the century. Only later,
with the advent of a new imperial nationalism, did the identification of
Rome and Italy become an axiom of political discourse, which however
was destined to disappear with the fall of the fascist regime.
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136K |
Les représentations de Rome chez les résidents et les voyageurs français après 1945 par Olivier Forlin
(pagine: 83-102)
DOI: 10.7376/84453
Abstract Keywords: 43th Century Rome, French Journalism, Second World War,
Heritage of Antiquity, Political Stabilization
Representations of Rome by French Residents and Travellers
after 1945
As the political capital of Italy and religious capital of the Catholic world,
Rome was very often the focus of articles and travel reports by French journalists and writers during the fifteen years after the Second World
War. This led to multiple views and opinions being expressed about the
city and its inhabitants. However, the images of Rome they generated
were part of then dominant representational systems and the result of
many factors: the heritage of Antiquity (traditional images of the Eternal
City) or, more recently, fascism and the legacy of the war, the historical
context of the war’s end, the years of political stabilization and economic
growth, and finally the position of the observers themselves (travellers or
residents) and their own political views. This article looks closely at all
these factors, before going on to examine the representations of Rome
through two periods (1945-1948; 1948-1960).
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148K |
Studi e ricerche Gli ordinamenti militari di papa Della Rovere. Nuove fonti di Giampiero Brunelli
(pagine: 103-118)
DOI: 10.7376/84454
Abstract Keywords: 16th Century Papal States, Julius II, Military Institutions, Taxation,
Roman Nobility.
Della Rovere Pope’s Military Institutions. New Sources
Historiography has focused recently on the image of Julius II, bellicose
Pope by definition. The military institutions he used for his politico-ecclesiastical
purposes, however, are still little known. New sources shed light on
Pope Della Rovere’s efforts to equip himself with military institutions that
were up to the standards of his time. New taxes for the army were levied;
the Dataria itself was involved; Julius II turned to Genoese, Florentine,
even German bankers. New officials oversaw the armies in the field and
other forces in the State. The high command, entrusted for the first time
to a “capitaneus generalis Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae” (the nephew of the
Pope, Francesco Maria Della Rovere), was given more power. Even the
employment of Swiss soldiers wasn’t a measure directed against Roman
nobility, as earlier historians had thought. Like others in Europe, Julius
II just wanted to acquire professional and efficient forces.
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148K |
The Role of Papal Diplomats in the Interregnum's Parliamentary Practice of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (16th-17th centuries) by Dorota Gregorowicz
(pagine: 119-148)
DOI: 10.7376/84455
Abstract Keywords: Early Modern Poland-Lithuania, Royal Dignity, Papal Diplomacy,
Ceremonial Role.
The Role of Papal Diplomats in the Interregnum’s
Parliamentary Practice of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (16th-17th
Centuries)
Early modern Poland-Lithuania was particularly important for Holy
See’s political and the religious projects in that it was seen to constitute a
“bulwark of Christianity” and the West’s cultural external boundary. For
this reason, the problems of discontinuity of the royal dignity and free
elections became important for the papacy. This article illustrates the role
of papal diplomacy in the parliamentary practice of Polish-Lithuanian
interregnums from 1572 to 1676, in particular during key moments like the
Convocation Sejm, the Election Sejm and the coronation ceremony. Its
aim is not only to describe the political activity of apostolic nuncios, but
also to focus on their ceremonial role. The topic is also closely connected
to the question of papal neutrality and the image of a padre comune, ideas
that were constantly evolving during the early modern period.
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259K |
La "hora napolitana" del Setecientos. La diplomacia provincial partenopea y la casa de Austria durante la guerra de Sucesion española por Roberto Quiros Rosado
(pagine: 149-188)
DOI: 10.7376/84456
Abstract Keywords: Naples, Barcelona, Vienna, Charles VI of Habsburg, War of the
Spanish Succession, Provincial Diplomacy, 17th Century.
The “Neapolitan hour” of the 17th Century. Provincial
Diplomacy of Naples and the House of Habsburg during the War
of the Spanish Succession
The tumultuous beginnings of the 17th century encouraged the rise of
ideologies that sought to defend the juridical, political and economic
particularism of the Spanish Monarchy’s provinces. Naples, the scene
of several violent demonstrations also saw an increase in the number of
treatises and pamphlets published arguing for the restoration of a principality
that was fully sovereign or autonomous. This paper focuses on
the diplomacy practiced by the City and Kingdom of Naples as a special
channel between monarch and vassals. The election of ambassadors to be
sent to the Habsburg courts (Barcelona and Vienna), the struggle for new
privileges and oaths, or the negotiation in the Palace to block the Roman
diplomacy are the main aspects that will be examined.
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305K |
Tra partitismo e gallocentrismo: il Partito comunista francese e il movimento indipendentista camerunense (1948-1956) di Gabriele Siracusano
(pagine: 189-214)
DOI: 10.7376/84457
Abstract Keywords: Camerun, French Communist Party, African Liberation Movements,
Gallo-Centrism, African Marxism.
French Communist Party and the Movement for Indipency of Camerun (1948-1956)
The French Communist Party (PCF )’s colonial policy has been the subject
of detailed studies and debates between those who hold the view that the
PCF expressed a strong solidarity with African liberation movements in
the ’50s and the ’60s, and those who argued that communist support for
these movements from France was too weak. A number of historians have
accused the PCF of “Gallo-centrism” during the Algerian war, and have
portrayed the party as being more interested in first solving the question
of class conflict in France in the conviction that this would later lead to
a resolution of conflict in the colonies. In fact, this political attitude may
be identified in the relationship between the French Communist Party
and the Union des populations du Cameroun (UPC), a revolutionary and
nationalist party of Cameroon, inspired by Marxism. Although the PCF was responsible for the creation of the 856 and other filo-Marxist parties
in French Africa, its initially close relationship with the Cameroonian
organization grew weaker after the mid-‘50s, when the UPC was outlawed.
This essay aims to delve deeper into the topic by examining the PCF archives
while attempting to explain the reasons for the misunderstanding
that arose between the two parties (PCF and UPC).
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199K |